八关山下、汇泉湾畔的美丽校园——中国海洋大学鱼山校区校园人文之旅

“三面郁葱环碧海,一山高下尽红楼”是俞平伯先生对青岛风貌的精辟点评。掩映在郁葱深处的,除了德占时期的各类遗迹,中国海洋大学鱼山校区也是构成这片风貌的重要拼盘。《厦门航空》杂志的“最美大学游”中,将中国海洋大学的校园列为“中国最美的十大校园”,也许就是对这片掩映在刺槐和法桐中的美丽校园的注脚。校园环境的优劣很难客观的定量描述,“美丽校园”的定义也就更为模糊,但这并不妨碍中国海洋大学鱼山校区校园在经历了近百年的发展历程后,所形成的得天独厚、浑然天成美丽校园的文化感召力。     

Long-term visibility trends in one highly urbanized, one highly industrialized, and two rural areas of Taiwan

Visibility trends on the island of Taiwan were investigated employing visibility and meteorological (1961-2003), and air pollutant (1994-2003) data from one highly urbanized center (Taipei), one highly industrialized center (Kaohsiung), and two rural centers (Hualien and Taitung). Average annual visibility (1961-2003) was significantly higher at the rural centers. Unlike at the other centers, visibility in Taipei improved between 1992 (6.6 km) and 2003 (9.9 km), and this can be linked to the construction and expansion of a mass transit rail system in Taipei, the use of which has helped reduce emissions of traffic related air pollutants, particles, and NO2. This has left Kaohsiung with the lowest annual visibility since 1994, despite its 1961-2003 average being superior to that of Taipei. Precipitation lowers visibility, as demonstrated by the all-centers correlation coefficient for visibility and precipitation of -0.92. Hence, frequency of precipitation is one of the factors contributing to the average annual visibility number. The poorest air quality category ('episode'), most commonly experienced in Taipei and Kaohsiung, was characterized by relatively high concentrations of PM10 and NOx at those centers, with comparatively high atmospheric pressure and comparatively low visibility and wind speed. Excepting O3, pollutant concentrations were slightly higher during weekdays, although there was no consistent, significant difference in weekday-weekend visibility. Principal component analysis demonstrated that visibility was markedly reduced in Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Hualien by increased vehicular emissions, road traffic dust, and industrial activity, but not in Taitung, where visibility was as a result superior to that at the other centers and degradation in visibility was likely a response to long-range transport of pollutants rather than local sources. Optimal empirical regression models indicated a negative impact on visibility for each of PM10, SO2 and NO2, particularly so for PM10, and validity of these models for Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Hualien was confirmed by correlation coefficients of simulated and observed average visibility of 0.63-0.72 for daily visibility and 0.85-0.88 for monthly visibility. For Taitung these figures were only 0.46 and 0.50, respectively, indicating that simulations for Taitung should include long-range transport as a pollutant source.     

基于模糊综合评判的装备维修保障系统效能评估

针对装备维修保障系统效能指标的相对性、模糊性,运用模糊综合评判方法进行系统效能评估。根据完成装备维修保障任务所应具备的能力,建立装备维修保障系统效能评估指标体系,对单项指标采用专家评判法,采用递推算法给出目标层对评语的隶属度,按最大隶属度原则给出优劣等级评定,并由实例得出合理结果。该评估方法思路清晰、计算方便,为装备维修保障系统评估体系标准化提供了一种思路。     

Effect of carbon nanotube dispersion on the complex permittivity and absorption of nanocomposites in 2–18 GHz ranges

The effect of dispersion processes on complex permittivity and microwave absorption in 2?18 GHz ranges is presented for nanocomposites loaded with different amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ranging from 1 to 5 wt %. The ultrasonic sonication (US) method and the three‐roll mill (TRM) method were performed for the manufacturing of the CNT/epoxy absorbers with different dispersing levels. Microscopic observations revealed that the CNT agglomerates were reduced after the TRM process, and individual CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin. For the same weight content of CNT fillers, the percentage increase of between US and TRM samples varies from 35.5% to 101.7% while the corresponding increment of (dielectric loss) varies from 79.6% to 248.8%. A minimum reflection loss for the US sample with 2 wt % CNTs is only ?7.8 dB at 11.3 GHz while the corresponding TRM sample is greatly improved to reach ?37.4 dB at 7.76 GHz for the same matching thickness of 3 mm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40963.     

Rapid fabrication of organic/organic photonic bandgap films with tuneable mechanical properties using blended polymer spheres

In this study, the photonic bandgap (PBG) film with tunable mechanical properties and photonic stop band was prepared by a simple and feasible approach. Colloid polymer spheres with a relatively large diameter (approximate D_n of 200 nm) and different glass transition temperatures (T_g) were blended with small polystyrene (PS) latex (D_n = 20 nm) and were subsequently casted on a substrate for 3 h at 50°C for self‐assembly of the PBG film. The monodispersed polymer spheres were synthesized by soap‐free emulsion polymerization in the boiling state. The T_g values of the spheres were predetermined based on the Fox equation, and designed to fall in the region of ?34°C to 112°C. Small PS could also be synthesized by this approach using the comonomer, sodium p‐styrenesulfonate (NaSS), to ensure the small diameter. The long‐range ordered structure constructed by embedding the small PS in the PBG film was indirectly confirmed on the basis of SEM analysis, from which the monochromatic film color was determined based on Bragg's diffraction law. Tunable film color was achieved by adjusting the diameter of the spheres, as evaluated using UV–Vis. Tunable mechanical properties of the PBG film were also achieved by varying the T_g of the spheres or the filling ratio of small PS. Based on these approaches, the ultimate tensile strength could be tuned in the region between 0.39 to 4.7 Mpa, and the relative strain could be varied from 1236% to 16%, illustrative of the excellent deformability of the film. Furthermore, by variation of these two parameters, the film properties could be changed from typical elastomer behavior to brittle plastic polymer type behavior, greatly extending the prospective application fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40276.     

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites: Mechanical properties,optical transparency,and barrier properties

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/clay, PET/poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), and PET/PETG/clay nanocomposites were fabricated using the twin‐screw extrusion technique. The spherulitic morphologies, thermomechanical, mechanical, and gas‐barrier properties, as well as the effect of clay on the transparency of the resulting nanocomposites were identified. The clay induced the heterogeneous nucleation of the nanocomposites during the cold crystallization process, thereby increasing the crystallinities and melting temperatures of the resulting nanocomposites. The incorporation of clay increased the storage moduli, Young's moduli, impact strengths, and barrier properties of the PET, PETG, and PET/PETG blend. Regarding the optical transparency, the inclusion of clay can make the crystallizable PET matrix crystalline opaque. However, the amorphous PETG maintained its transparency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39869.     

Enhancing the air impermeability of a biobased poly(di‐isoamyl itaconate‐co‐isoprene) elastomer via the cocoagulation of latex and natural layered silicates

The gas‐barrier properties of elastomer are of particular importance, especially for airtight applications. Poly(di‐isoamyl itaconate‐co‐isoprene) (PDII) is a newly invented and respectable biobased elastomer, but the barrier properties of PDII and its composites with carbon black and silica are not satisfying at all. Because there are abundant ester groups in PDII macromolecules and these groups can contribute to the homogeneous dispersion of layer silicates, we applied layered silicates, including montmorillonite (MMT) and rectorite (REC), into the PDII matrix to improve the air impermeability. MMT/PDII and REC/PDII composites were prepared by a cocoagulation method, and the air impermeability of the PDII elastomer was highly improved. The smallest gas permeability index reached 1.7 × 10^?17 m² Pa^?1 s^?1 at an REC content of 80 phr; this implied a reduction of 85.5%. A comparison of the two types of silicate/PDII composites showed that the MMT/PDII composites had better properties at low filler contents, whereas the REC/PDII composites had better mechanical and gas‐barrier properties at high filler contents. Other structures and properties of the composites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical rheology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40682.     

Production and isolation of chitosan from Aspergillus terreus and application in tin(II) adsorption

Fed‐batch fermentation was used for biomass and fungal chitosan production by Aspergillus terreus (BCRC 32068) grown in a potato dextrose agar medium. The polysaccharides were extracted by an alkali–acid treatment, and structural investigations by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared analysis, and viscosity and thermal analysis were done. A high level of chitosan was extracted from A. terreus; this implied that it was feasible to produce chitosan from industrial waste mycelia. Fungal chitosan derived from A. terreus showed the highest adsorption capacity for Sn(II). The order of Sn(II) adsorption capacity for these chitosanaceous materials was Fungal chitosan > Chitin > Biomass. Fungal chitosan derived from A. terreus was well correlated with Langmuir's isotherm model. The maximum capacity for Sn(II) sorption deduced from the use of the Langmuir isotherm equation was 303 mg/g; this was significantly higher than that of A. terreus. Fungal chitosan is an easy and cost‐effective material for the abatement of pollution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40436.     

子空间夹角结合时间序列分析判定反应终点

拉曼光谱经过基线校正处理后,运用子空间模式识别原理,反应物水杨酸、醋酸酐以及催化剂氨基磺酸的拉曼光谱作为子空间,各个反应时刻的拉曼光谱作为被关注向量,求取被关注与子空间夹角,通过时间序列分析模型对空间向量夹角变动分析体系内组分变化情况设经验阀值δ(ti)小于0.5判定为反应终点,此时水杨酸的转化率为97.8%。     

Dopant-free small molecule hole transport materials based on triphenylamine derivatives for perovskite solar cells

In the past decade, perovskite solar cells have become a promising candidate in the photovoltaic industry owing to their high power conversion efficiency that surpasses 25%. However, there are certain limitations that have hindered the development and full-scale practical application of these cells, including the high cost and degradation of perovskite caused by the dopants. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop dopant-free hole transport materials (HTMs). In recent years, HTMs based on triphenylamine (TPA-HTMs) are receiving growing interest owing to their high hole mobility, excellent film formation, and suitable energy levels. The literature here covers work relevant to TPA-HTMs in the last five years. They have been classified according to different core types. The correlations between performance and structure are summarized, and the future development trend of TPA-HTMs is highlighted.